| B
Horizon |
Soils under the A
horizon where fine clay materials are found. See Soil Horizon |
| Babesiosis |
An
infectious disease of cattle, caused in Australia by Babesia
bigemina and Babesia argentina
which
are transmitted from one animal to another by the cattle tick. |
| Bacillus |
Rod-shaped bacteria. |
| Backcrossing |
The mating of a crossbred
animal with animals from one of its parent breeds. |
| Backfatter |
A fat pig
too heavy for the bacon trade, or very fat at bacon weight |
| Backing
dog |
Dog that
will jump on to the backs of sheep to help move them. |
| Back-grounding agistment |
A form of agistment where payment is made on the basis
of liveweight gain by the agisted animals. |
| Baconer |
Pig
slaughtered at about 80 kg live weight (60 kg carcass) to produce bacon
and ham. |
| Bacteria |
Microscopic single celled organisms occurring
everywhere in nature, but important because they can cause important
diseases in plants and animals. Some types of bacteria can also be
beneficial. They areof
importance in soil, where they break down organic matter into plant
nutrients. |
| Bacterial
stain |
Discoloration
arising from the exudation of bacteria present in a fleece under
conditions of high temperature and humidity.
Most stains are unscourable. |
| Bacteriophage |
A virus
that attacks bacteria. |
| Bad Debt |
Amount due on an open account that has been proved to
be un-collectable. |
| Bail |
A
frame for holding an animal, e.g. milking bail, head bail. |
| Bail-head |
An adjustable wooden or metal structure at the end of a
crush for locking in a beast's neck. When locked, the bail-head
confines the animal for inspection or veterinary work. |
| Bail-up |
To
capture, corner or restrain an animal, e.g. to bail up a wild pig. |
| Balance |
See Account
balance. |
| Balance Day Adjustment |
Accounting entry made at the end of each accounting period to achieve
a
proper allocation of revenues
and expenses to the
relevant accounting period. |
| Balance of payments |
The difference between credit
and debit
transactions that can be worked out for an individual or for a nation.
The transactions for a nation are divided into current account and capital account.
A
nation is said to have either: (1) a balance of payments deficit if it
sends abroad less in goods, services, and capital than it receives from
foreigners; or (2) a balance of payments surplus if it sends abroad
more in goods, services, and capital than it receives. |
| Balance of
trade |
The
difference in value
between a country's merchandise imports and exports in a specified
period. A country's balance of trade is only one factor, though an
important one, in its balance of payments. |
| Balance
Sheet |
A statement of an entity's financial position at a
point in time. It summarises the values of resources claimed by the
entity and the claims on those resources by creditors and proprietors,
where assets = liabilities + owner's equity. (Statement Of Assets
And Liabilities) |
| Bale |
A
package of material, e.g. hay bale, wool bale.
To bale up is to make into a bale.
Wool: A full wool pack weighing from 150 to 204 kg. |
| Baler |
Machine for: a) Pressing wool into large bags (bales)
after shearing. b) Pressing hay or even silage
into square or round bales after cutting and drying the pasture
material. |
| Baling |
a) Pressing wool into large bags (bales) after
shearing. b) Pressing hay or even silage
into square or round bales after cutting and drying the pasture
material. |
| Balloon Loan |
A loan amortisation
method in which a large portion of the principal
is due with the final payment. |
| Band
application |
The
spreading of chemicals over, or next to, each row of plants in a field,
as opposed to broadcast
application style="font-size: 11pt;". |
| Banged |
When hair or tail of a horse is cut off in a straight
line. |
| Bank
Account |
An account
kept at a bank
or similar institution into which funds are deposited and from which
funds are drawn, usually as cash or by cheque. |
| Bank
Overdraft |
Credit may be obtained from bank on overdraft, whereby
customers arrange with their bank to overdraw their account up to an
approved limit. Interest is charged on the daily balance and the
borrower pays only for the funds actually in use, (however an unused
limit fee may apply). The bank retains the right to cancel the
arrangements at any time. The banks normally require periodic
reductions of the debt and tend to prefer advance business which
attracts deposit funds. Arrangements are flexible and open to
renegotiation and in practice advances often become medium rather than
short. The average duration of rural overdrafts appears to be about 4-5
years. Purpose of advances includes property purchase and improvements,
machinery and livestock purchase, annual working expenses. |
| Bank reconciliation |
The process of checking a cash
book
balance against the bank statement balance. Where a check of balances
shows a difference, then the bank's balance may have to be adjusted for
un-presented cheques or deposits to reconcile it with the cash book
balance. |
| Bank Statement |
A statement presented to the bank's customer on demand
or at regular intervals, which shows deposits withdrawals and balances
since the previous statement. |
| Bantam |
Small breed
of fowl. |
| Bar |
A unit of pressure equal to one million (106) dynes per
square centimetre. |
| Bare-belly |
Sheep with
all the wool scraped or shed from its belly. |
| Bare Tramlines |
Traditionally tramlines have been left bare. However,
due to concerns with herbicide resistance, gaps in the crop and
potential erosion fuzzy, sown and furry tramlines have been developed.
Bare tramlines provide a firm compacted zone for running machinery and
no crop is damaged during post-seeding operations. Bare tramlines are
very visible for in-crop guidance. |
| Bark (Trees) |
All tissue
outside the vascular cambium.
In older trees it may be
divided into dead outer bark and living inner bark (usually consisting
of phloem). |
| Bark (Sheep
& Cattle Dogs) |
To give "tongue", "noise", or "speak" on command to
frighten and drive the stock. |
| Barley |
Hordeum vulgare. A winter cereal
cultivated as 6 row (sub specieshexastichon) and 2
row (sub species distichon). There are two main
uses, for animal feed and for malting ( a small amount is used for
human consumption). |
| Barren |
An animal that either is not, or cannot become pregnant. |
| Barrow |
Male pig castrated
early in life. |
| Base exchange capacity |
A measure of the absorptive capacity of a soil for
materials with exchangeable cations, a nonacid reaction (see cation exchange
capacity). A soil with a high base exchange capacity will
retain more plant nutrients and is less apt to leach than one with a
low exchange capacity. |
| Bash |
Wild
uncontrolled blow by a shearer. |
| Basidiomycete |
A fungus
whose spores are born on basidia (club-like structures), e.g. common
field mushroom. |
| Basil |
Tanned
sheepskin used for the manufacture of light leather. |
| Basis (Marketing) |
The difference between the local cash price and the futures contract
price of the same commodity at a point in time. |
| Basis (Tax) |
The value of an asset for income tax purposes. |
| Batten |
Used to
keep the wires on a fence at equal distances apart.
It also gives the fence strength.
Can be made of wood, steel, wire, chains or plastic strip.
Same as dropper. |
| Battery
cages |
A number of
hen cage
units arranged in single or multiple decks with provision for watering,
feeding, collecting eggs and disposing of droppings. |
| Battery Poultry |
Chickens raised in cages. |
| Beak
trimming |
Trimming
the tip of the beak in poultry to prevent or control cannibalism. |
| Bear |
One who
considers the price of a stock
or commodity is about to fall. |
| Bear
market |
A falling stock
(share) or commodity
market. See Bull Market
(Memory aid the claws of a bear point down) |
| Beardie |
Type of dog
- very hairy. |
| Bearing ewe |
A ewe that
has everted (pushed out) its vagina. |
| Bedlog |
A short length of timber buried just below ground level
against a strainer post
to help stabilise the post. |
| Belly dumper |
Truck or trailer designed for fast emptying through the
floor or 'belly' of
the tray. |
| Belly wool, Bellies |
Wool from
the underside of a sheep. Branded BLS |
| Belly wire |
Plain wire used to support netting in the middle. |
| Belt and Braces Approach |
A no risk approach where a back up is put in place. |
| Benchmarking |
An enterprise or activity-based analysis that focuses
on the physical/technical processes used by a farmer to enact his
enterprise plan and the consequences of those processes in terms of
unit revenue and costs, enterprise efficiency and enterprise
profitability. See also Comparative
Analysis |
| Benefit
Cost analysis |
The
budgeting process of evaluating the benefits, costs and net benefits of
an investment. See Cost
Benefit Ratio |
| Berry |
A simple
fleshy fruit such as a grape or tomato. |
| Biennials |
Plants that usually require two years, or at least part
of two growing seasons
to complete their life cycle. |
| Bilateral
trade agreement |
A trade
agreement
between any two countries. The agreement may be either preferential
(the obligations and benefits apply only to the two countries involved)
or most-favoured-nation (the benefits and obligations negotiated
between the two countries are extended to all or most other nations). |
| Bill Of
Exchange |
An unconditional order in writing, addressed by one
person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person
to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable
future time, an amount to, or to the order of, a specified person, or
to bearer. A bill is given by the drawer, and addressed to the drawee,
who becomes the acceptor by writing his name across the face of the
bill. The bill is payable to the payee, who must be named or indicated
with reasonable certainty. If the payee is a fictitious or non-existent
person the bill may be treated as payable to bearer. A bill of exchange
is a negotiable instrument. A bill presently payable (e.g.. Payable at
sight) or payable in the future is known as a Bill Payable, one to be
received a Bill Receivable. |
| Bill Of Sale |
In a general way, a bill of sale can be defined as an
instrument whereby personal chattels
are conditionally assigned by one person (the mortgagor or grantor) to
another (the mortgagee
or grantee) as security for a loan made by the latter to the former or
for money owing by the former to the latter. A bill of sale in this
sense usually provides that upon the payment of the amount outstanding
and the observance by the debtor of all conditions and covenants
contained in such instrument, the property in the goods will be
re-transferred to the original owner. |
| Bin (Wool) |
Receptacle for holding loose wool prior to pressing in
either a shearing shed or wool store. |
| Binders,
Binding Fibres |
Wool fibres
running more or less obliquely between two or more staples thereby
holding a fleece of wool together. |
| Binning |
Broker
service for the disposal of small or mixed lots of wool. Each
growers' wool is
classed and weighed to bins with similar types from other growers. |
| Bioaccumulation |
The
absorption and
concentration of toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and certain pesticides
in plants and animals. Syn: Bioconcentration |
| Bioactive |
Having an interaction with, or effect on, a living
organism. |
| Bioassay |
A method of determining the concentration, activity, or
effect of a drug, hormone etc. by testing it on a living organism and
comparing this with the activity of an agreed standard. |
| Biochemical oxygen demand
(BOD) |
The amount of oxygen required by aerobic microorganisms
to decompose the organic matter in a sample of water, such as that
polluted by sewage. It is used as a measure of the degree of water
pollution. Also called biological oxygen demand. |
| Biochemical Selectivity |
The property of a pesticide to affect only the target
species with susceptibility based on biochemistry rather than physical
or other factors. |
| Biocide |
A chemical toxic or lethal to living organisms. |
| Bioconcentration |
SeeBioaccumulation |
| Biodegradable |
Capable of being decomposed by natural processes which
can be readily utilised as part of the biological food chain. |
| Biodiversity |
This relates to the range of flora and fauna on the
land and living things in the soil. A large biodiversity makes farmland
more stable and more able to recover from extremes. |
| Biodynamics |
A holistic system of agriculture based on principles
first advanced by Austrian philosopher, Rudolf Steiner.
The system relies on organic principles and various preparations to
maintain fertility and production. |
| Bioengineering |
Seegenetic
engineering |
| Biofertiliser |
Biologically active (living or temporarily
inert) materials used to increase fertility of soils. For
example some free-living or symbiotic bacteria and blue-green algae
(Cyanobacteria) fix gaseous nitrogen as ammonia and release it
increasing the fertility of soil and water. Rhizobium or Bradyrhizobium
producing root nodules in legumes. |
| Biofumigation |
The suppression of soil-borne pests and pathogens by
biocidal
compounds, principally isothiocyanates (ITCs) released when
glucosinolates (GSLs) in the tissues of Brassica plants are hydrolysed
in soil. |
| Biogas |
A mixture of methane and carbon dioxide produced by
bacterial degradation of organic matter and used as a fuel. See Beginners Guide to
BIOGAS |
| Biogeochemical Cycle |
The cyclical system through which a given chemical
element is transferred between biotic
and abiotic components
of the biosphere. |
| Biological control |
The control of pests by means of other living
organisms. Control of aphids by ladybird beetles is an example. |
| Biological Efficiency |
Level of output per unit of input, i.e. productivity,
wool per sheep (kilograms per sheep), crop yields (tonnes per hectare)
and liveweight gain (kilograms per head per year). |
| Biological Feedbacks |
Are common in agricultural systems and will often act
to reduce substantially the yield of crop or animal product that is
obtained. Immediate feedbacks in a biological system might include the
cyclical fluctuations in feeding activity of animals. Longer term
feedbacks can occur when animals have, say, a higher reproductive rate
in one year which, through the extra demands of lactation and stress of
higher grazing pressure, results in a lower mating weight and hence
lower reproductive rate in the following year. |
| Biological Nitrogen Fixation |
Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into organic
nitrogen compounds. Some nitrogen fixing bacteria live symbiotically with leguminous plants in nodules
on the roots. |
| Biological Sustainability |
The ability of a biological system to continue in the
face of disturbance. |
| Bio-mass |
The total matter on and in a property concerned with
production. It consists of everything that forms a base for growth or
production. The amount of bio-mass determines the amount of food the
land can produce, whether in the form of crops or stock. It includes
the vegetation, fauna, the soils and root systems, crops and stock. |
| Biomining |
The use of micro-organisms to extract metals and
minerals from ores in the mining process. Ores of high quality are
rapidly being depleted and biomining allows environmentally friendly
ways of extracting metals from low-grade ores (ores that have small
amounts of valuable metals scattered throughout). |
| Biosolids |
The waste material from animal or vegetable sources.
Waste contains mainly carbon and hydrogen. Old term used was "Sludge".
Used in an anaerobicdigester to produce biogas. |
| Biosphere |
That part of the earth's crust, waters and surrounding
air-layer which is inhabited by living organisms. |
| Biota |
All the species of plants and animals occurring within
an area or region. |
| Biotic |
Refers to living components of an ecosystem, e.g. plants
and
animals. |
| Biotrophs |
A category of pathogens
which is characterised by a very precise co-evolution with their host,
resulting not only in extreme host specificity, but also the ability to
exist only within a living host cell. These pathogens are referred to
as biotrophic.. |
| Biotype |
A group of individuals within a population occurring in
nature, all with essentially the same genetic constitution. A species
usually consists of many biotypes. cf. ecotype. |
| Bisexual |
A flower
having both functional stamens
and pistil. |
| Bitch |
Female
canine (dog) of any age. |
| Bioturbation |
Mixing of soil by living organisms |
| Black Box |
An unknown and often unknowable mechanism or system
whose operation is judged solely by observation of its inputs and
outputs. |
| Black Earth |
A term synonymous with Chernozem,
used in Australia to describe self-mulching clays. |
| Blade Plough |
Tractor implement that draws large V shaped blades
below the soil surface cutting plant roots. May be used for removal of
tree regrowth. |
| Blades |
Sheep hand
shears. |
| Blast freezers |
Freezers for rapidly reducing the temperature of
carcasses by placing them in a
strong current of air circulated by strong fans. |
| Bloat |
Swelling of the first and second stomachs of cattle by
the formation of a stable foam. Occurs mainly in cattle grazing on
temperate legumes,
particularly lucerne and white clover. |
| Block |
An area of land e.g. Development block- an area of land
being developed from bush
or scrub or Settlement block – an area made (settled) into
farms. |
| Block farming |
Organising farm so individual crops are planted
together in a 'block' to minimise spray drift and better manage pests
and diseases. |
| Blocky |
Square
tipped wool staple. |
| Blood-horse |
A pedigree horse often associated with the Thoroughbred
breed. |
| Bloodline |
Animals from a breeding unit that has consistently used
sires from the same genetic source. The term is commonly used in the
merino wool industry, and the horse industry. |
| Blood spot |
May be
caused by the rupture of small blood vessels in the bird's ovary at the
time of releasing the yolk into the oviduct.
Blood is seen in the white or attached to the yolk membrane of the egg. |
| Bloodstock |
Purebred
(thoroughbred) horses. |
| Bloom |
1. Stock: Condition of stock, indicating prime
condition, sappy, well-finished, alert and bright.
2. Wool:Attractive
appearance of freshly-shorn wool which disappears with storage. |
| Blowfly |
The sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina) lays its eggs in
damp, dirty parts of the fleece, especially around the anus or where
the sheep has suffered injury. The maggots attack the living flesh of
the sheep. Loss of weight, damage to the fleece and even death result. |
| Blowfly
strike |
A term which describes an attack by maggots of the
sheep blowfly, and usually by maggots of secondary flies as well. |
| Blue-green algae |
See algae. |
| Bluetongue Disease |
Bluetongue is a viral disease (arbovirus) of sheep that
is transmitted by biting midges of the Culicoides family. The disease
is essentially an exotic disease to Australia. Cattle and Deer may be
reservoirs for the disease. See Meat
& Livestock Australia |
| Bluetongue skink |
A reptile
of Tiliqua genus |
| Boar |
Usually a
male pig being used or ready for breeding service.
However, can be used to describe any uncastrated male pig of any age. |
| Board |
The part of the shearing shed where sheep are shorn. |
| Bobby
calf |
Small calf used for slaughter. Must be at least 10 days
old and is usually 18-36 kg dressed weight.The stomach (vel) provides
rennet
that is used as a coagulant in cheese making. |
| Bobtail |
An animal whose tail has been partly or totally removed. |
| Body |
A term applied to wool when the staple appears full and bulky. |
| Body strike |
Fly strike affecting the body of the animal (sheep).
See blowfly strike |
| Bogan Gate |
See Queensland
Gate |
| Bogeye |
A shearing handpiece. Also a term for a blue-tongue lizard
(skink). |
| Boiler |
An adult
fowl used for meat after egg production is finished. |
| Bold |
A term
applied to well-grown wool of good character |
| Bolt |
Of animals especially horses -run away in fear; out of
control. |
| Bolus |
a. A single, relatively large quantity of a substance,
such as a dose of a drug, intended for therapeutic use and taken
orally.
b. A concentrated mass of a substance administered intravenously for
diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
c. A soft mass of chewed food within the mouth or alimentary canal. |
| Bond |
Formal evidence of a debt issued by a company, public
corporation or government, whereby the borrower promised to pay the
lender a specified amount at a specified time with interest at a fixed
rate payable on specified dates. See Debenture. |
| Boner |
Carcasses
of animals
intended for use as manufacturing meat (mince, hamburger, sausages,
etc.) and usually graded as manufacturing |
| Boners |
Old cows or
bulls for slaughter to produce manufacturing (grinding) beef.
Also young stock in very
lean condition. |
| Boning |
Removing the bones from a cut of meat. |
| Bonus (wage) |
A payment made to an employee, in addition to the
normal salary, based on superior performance or other criteria. |
| Book |
Herd-book,
Studbook - the register of a breed society or association. |
| Book Value |
Accounting: The original cost of an asset minus the total
accumulated depreciation
expense taken to date. |
| Boomspray |
An implement for spraying crops and pastures with
pesticides. Chemical is applied from a holding tank through individual
nozzles attached to a boom. |
| Bootlace |
Long thin
strip of skin, usually cut from a wrinkled sheep while shearing the
last side. |
| Boot stage |
The stage of growth just before the emergence of grass
flowers. |
| Bore |
1. Inside diameter of a cylinder, the hollow interior
part of a gun barrel, the calibre of a gun or rifle
2. Well or shaft to obtain water. |
| Bore water |
Water from underground, brought to the surface by pump
or under its own pressure. Bore water may be hot, and it may be high in
mineral salts. |
| Bos
indicus |
Indian or Zebu
cattle with
characteristics which include loose skin on the throat and dewlap (area
between the front legs), well developed sweat pores, a muscular hump
over the neck and shoulders, and large drooping ears. The Brahman breed
belongs to this species of cattle. |
| Bos taurus |
Species of cattle that include British, Continental or
European breeds as distinct from Tropical or Bos indicus
breeds. |
| Botrytis blight |
Also called grey mould is a fungus disease which
infects a wide array of herbaceous annual and perennial plants.
Botrytis cinerea causes 'Noble Rot" in grapes which are then used to
produce a particular style of wine. |
| Bottom up approach |
An approach that pieces together systems to give rise
to grander systems, thus making the original systems sub-systems of the
emergent system. In a bottom-up approach the individual base elements
of the system are first specified in great detail. These elements are
then linked together to form larger subsystems, which then in turn are
linked, sometimes in many levels, until a complete top-level system is
formed (synthesis). |
| Boundary
(of a system) |
Separates a system from its environment. This is
decided by the observer. Where a boundary is drawn depends on the
purpose of the observer. The boundary identifies the system and its
position is critical for appropriate analysis. |
| Boundary Rider |
A person who rides round the fences of a station
(hence "boundary"), checks their status, and repairs them when broken. |
| Bounties |
Grants made to any form of industry (whether primary or
secondary) with a view to assisting and encouraging it. Under the
Australian Constitution, the Commonwealth Government has the power to
grant bounties. |
| Bout width |
A term
commonly used with reference to fertiliser pellet
application. The bout width is the
distance between the successive runs of a machine, which will achieve a
satisfactory spread. |
| Box end assembly |
A strainer end assembly in a fence, comprising two
strainer posts, a horizontal top bar and a brace wire, placed where the
fence ends, or bends. |
| Boxed |
When
different mobs or flocks of sheep are mixed. |
| Brace |
Pair of
dogs that are worked together. |
| Bracts |
Small, pointed, modified leaves around many flowers
that appear to be part of the flower. |
| Brahman / Brahmin |
A breed of cattle developed in southern USA from Bos Indicus stock |
| Brand |
(a) To mark the skin or wool of an animal in a
distinctive pattern, by use of a hot or cold iron, chemical, paint or
other means to designate ownership or to identify individual animals
for registration or management purposes. cf. marking, tagging.
(b) The mark so made.
(c) In marketing a name or symbol that is intended to differentiate a
product by indicating the presence of characteristics looked for by the
customer. |
| Branding |
(a) Permanent (by fire or freezing) or semipermanent
(usually by a dye on wool) marking to identify an animal. Brands should
be placed in particular parts of the body
(b) Of wool bales - Stencilling to signify the owner, serial number,
and type of wool in the bale |
| Brassica |
A plant
genus that includes many common vegetables, e.g. cabbage, cauliflowers,
swedes, chou-moellier. |
| Break |
1. Of season: See Opening
rains, Break of
Season
2. Wool:Temporary
slowing or
cessation in the growth or wool fibres which results in their becoming
visibly finer with a marked loss of tensile strength. Syn Tender |
| Break Crop |
A crop planted to break the cycle of a disease or pest. |
| Break
feeding |
Feed is
rationed by use of a temporary fence (usually electric) moved at
frequent intervals. |
| Break
of Season |
The rains which mark the opening or start of a season.
Occurs when the amount of rainfall received equals or exceeds the
effective rainfall. |
| Break-even Analysis |
Varying key elements of a budget to determine the level
that costs will equal returns or the net result is just equal the
result from an alternative action. |
| Break-even budget |
A budget that shows at what level of activity costs
will equal returns, frequently based on a Gross Margin or Partial Budget. |
| Break-even Price |
The selling price for which total income will just
equal total expenses for a given level of production. |
| Break-even Yield |
The yield level at which total income will just equal
total expenses at a given selling price. |
| Breast
plate |
Piece of
timber placed in the ground that supports the stay at a strainer,
angle, or corner post.
Sometimes called stay foot. |
| Breech |
When at giving birth the baby animal is presented
backwards or with the hind quarters first. |
| Breech
(sheep) |
The tail area of the sheep that is susceptible to flystrike (blowfly strike), and may
require crutching or
mulesing
Also
spelled Britch |
| Breed |
1. Race of animals of the same stock e.g. Angus Cattle
2. To cause plants or animals to reproduce with a specific outcome in
mind e.g. improved yield or disease resistance. |
| Breeding Livestock |
Livestock owned for the primary purpose of producing
offspring. |
| Breeding unit |
The males and females used for breeding in a planned
program. One breeding unit is approximately 30-45 cows to 1 bull, or
2.5 rams per 100 ewes. |
| Breeding value |
The 'true' genetic merit of an animal, which is passed
on to its progeny
through its genes. It measures the average advantage (or disadvantage)
expected in a large number of progeny. |
| Brewer’s
grain |
The material that is remaining after grains have been
fermented during the beer making process. These materials can be fed to
livestock either un-dried (wet brewers grains) or dried (dried brewers
grains). Syn. chang residue |
| Bridge
spikes |
Large nails
(usually
galvanised) with square head and shank which are used to attach the
decking (top planks) on a bridge to the stringers (supports). |
| Brightness |
A description of the colour and light-reflecting power
of the finer types of wool. |
| Brisket |
The breast
of an animal (sheep or cattle), just below the throat. |
| Britch |
The back
portion of the sheep down the hind legs; the buttocks. |
| Britches
wool |
Wool off
the britch or lower thigh of the sheep. |
| Broad |
Wool that is on the strong side for its quality number,
or for its type. |
| Broad Spectrum |
A biocide
which can operate over a wide range of organisms. |
| Broadacre |
An Australian term used to describe land suitable for
farms practicing large-scale extensive farming (e.g. Wheat,
Cotton).. ABARE uses the folloowing key crop segments- Oilseeds, Winter
and summer cereals, Pulses, Sugar cane and Rice. |
| Broadcast |
Spreading fertiliser or sowing seeds, or both, by a
machine with a revolving spinner. May also be done by hand or by plane. |
| Broadcast
Seeding |
Process of scattering seed on the surface of the soil
prior to natural or artificial means of covering the seed with soil.
cf. drill
seeding. |
| Broiler |
A young chicken being raised for meat |
| Broiler |
Parent of
commercial meat chicken. |
| Broken |
A trade term applied to the best wool of the skirtings, having the
characteristics of fleece wool. |
| Broken mouth. |
A sheep whose incisor
teeth have fallen out or become badly worn or irregular, usually as a
result of old age or hard grazing. |
| Brood (sow, mare). |
A female kept for breeding |
| Brooder |
Equipment
used for providing artificial heat for young chicks from 1 day up to
3-4 weeks. |
| Broodiness |
Desire in a
hen to sit on eggs, known as broody or "clucky".
A brooding hen is a hen used for hatching eggs and rearing young chicks. |
| Broomie |
Person who
sweeps the shearing board clean during shearing (also called sweepo). |
| Browse |
To feed on leaves, young shoots, and other vegetation;
graze |
| Brumby |
Native-bred wild horse. |
| Bryophyte |
Any
liverwort or moss. |
| BT Crops |
BT = Bacillus
thuringiensis. Proteins from this fungus
have been inserted in crops by genetic modification methods to provide
resistance to insect attack e.g. BT cotton.. |
| Buck |
1. The adult male of some animals, such as the deer,
antelope, or rabbit.
2. Of horses, the act of leaping upward and arching the back |
| Bud |
1.
Embryonic shoot.
2. To Bud - See budding |
| Budding |
Type of grafting
in which a vegetative bud (scion)
is placed in a stock plant (rootstock). |
| Budget |
A detailed estimate of future income
and expenses, or receipts and payments (Benefits and
costs). See Cash
Flow, Gross
Margin and Partial
Budgets. |
| Budget Control |
The process of comparing actual results with what was
forecast in a budget. See Cash
Flow Control |
| Budgeting |
Financial budgeting is done to determine the financial
outcome of physical plans. Common budgets used are Gross Margin,
Cash Flow,
Partial
and Whole Farm.
Feed Budgeting
is a technique for closely matching pasture feed supply and grazing
animal demand. |
| Bulk bin |
A large container used in handling and storing fresh
fruits and vegetables. Moved about by fork-lift. |
| Bulk
Classing |
The sorting by brokers of small amounts of wool from
different properties to produce larger lots of visually similar
wool. Mixed bales are branded BC |
| Bulk Density |
The mass or weight of oven-dry soil per unit of bulk
volume, including air space. |
| Bulky |
A term used
to describe a well nourished wool of substance, length and density. |
| Bull |
In cattle an entire male animal used for
breeding.
• Run bull a non-registered bull for use
in commercial herds.
• Grade bull a non-registered bull,
usually of dairy breeds.
• Stud bull a pedigree (registered)
bull.
• Marker bull a bull (usually vasectomised) fitted
with
a marking harness to find oestrous cows.
• Potter bull an old bull to be
slaughtered for meat.
See Meat
Terminology |
| Bull (Marketing) |
One who
considers the price of a stock
or commodity is about to rise. |
| Bull
Market (Marketing) |
A rising stock
(share) or commodity
market. See Bear Market
(Memory aid: the horns of a bull point up.) |
| Buller |
Cowin continuous oestrus. |
| Bulling |
A cow or heifer
shows the
signs of being ready for mating with a bull. This is the only time she
will accept a bull and become pregnant and occurs every 21 days for a
period of 12 to 24 hours. |
| Bullock |
Castrated male bovine (cattle species) over 30 months
old. |
| Bund |
A wall or berm, which surrounds field or a tank to
contain any spills or leaks. |
| Bunt |
A parasitic fungus or smut that attacks wheat and other
cereals |
| Burry,
burrs |
Wool containing certain seed pods, mainly of the medicago
species. |
| Bush |
An an area of native vegetation. "The bush" =
rural areas away from cities. |
| Bush Fire |
Any fire occurring in natural vegetation, including
grasslands. |
| Bush stain |
Discoloration
of wool with charcoal from bush burns.
More commonly referred to as log stain. |
| Bushel |
A dry
volume measure of varying weight for grain, fruit, etc., equal to four
pecks or eight gallons (36.4 litres). |
| Business Health |
The state or, and prospects for, profit, financial
viability and growth of a business. |
| Business Structures |
Businesses can have various legal structures (See Sole Proprietorship,
Partnership, Trust, Company and Cooperative).
They can affect taxation and succession planning. Businesses can also
have various organisational structures. |
| Butt |
A parcel of
greasy wool in a recognised wool pack but les than a specified weight. |
| Butter |
The fat
portion of milk (cream) emulsified by churning |
| Butterfat |
The natural
fat of milk from which butter is made, consisting largely of the
glycerides of oleic, stearic, and palmitic acids. |
| Button |
An immature
mushroom before the expansion of the cap. |
| Bypass protein |
That portion of protein in the feed which is not
digested or broken down in the rumen,
but flows through the rumen to the intestines, where it is absorbed. |
