| Vaccinate |
To inoculate
an animal with a preparation containing dead or living - but weakened -
antigens (bacteria or viruses) so that the animal produces antibodies.
This gives resistance to the disease. |
| Vaccine |
A material injected into a living
animal which imparts some immunity to a disease or resistance to a
parasite. |
| Vacuum
gauge |
A
differential pressure gauge to indicate the level of vacuum in the
system. |
| Vacuum
pump |
An air
pump to produce vacuum in the system. |
| Vacuum
regulator |
An
automatic valve designed to maintain a steady vacuum. |
| Vacuum
tank |
See interceptor |
| Vacuum
tap |
The
clamp, tap, or vacuum cut-off valve on the long milk tube. |
| Vacuum
tube |
The
connecting tube in a milking machine between a milk receiving bucket
and the air pipeline. |
| Valuation |
(a) The process of attributing
value to a specific item for a specific reason. A number of alternative
methods are possible.
(b) The value determined for an item. |
| Valuation
Adjustment |
See adjustment.
Here the change refers to a value. May result in a Capital Gain |
| Value Of Farm
Production |
The market value of all crops,
livestock, and other income generated by a farm business, as measured
by accrual accounting,
after subtracting the value of purchased livestock and feed. |
| Vapour Drift |
The movement of pesticide or weedicide vapours from the
area of application. cf Spray
Drift |
| Variable
Cash
Lease |
A leasing arrangement in which a
cash payment is made in return for the use of the owner's property, but
the amount of the payment depends on the actual production and/or price
received by the tenant. |
| Variable Costs
(Expenses/Payments) |
Also called 'Direct Costs' are
those which vary according to the size of the enterprise or activity
over a small range of size of enterprise or activity. In accounting
they are generally allocated to an enterprise. cf. fixed costs. |
| Variable
Expense |
See Variable
costs |
| Variable
Interest Rate |
An interest rate that can change
during the repayment period of a loan. |
| Variance |
A measure of the variability in the
possible outcomes of a particular event. |
| Vascular |
Relating to, or having vessels that
conduct or circulate fluids (Plants: see Xylem
and phloem,) |
| Vascular
tissue |
Tissue
composed of xylem
and phloem, the
conducting tissues of the plant. |
| Vasectomise, Vasectomy |
Sterilisation of a male animal by
cutting or crushing all or part of the vas deferens (The main duct
through which semen is carried from the epididymis to the ejaculatory
duct). |
| Vat |
A
holding tank for milk prior to collection. |
| V.
D. R. |
Voltage
dependent resistor.> Prevents voltage of more
than 5,000 volts from leaving an electric fencing unit by short
circuiting the excess voltage. |
| Vealer |
Beef animal older and heavier than
a bobby calf; 100-160 kg carcase weight; 6-10 months old; sold off the
dam in good condition. The term is also applied to prime,
well-conditioned cattle to 18 months. See Meat
Terminology |
| Vectors |
An animal which transmits parasites
e.g. mosquitoes are vectors of malaria. See also Carrier (2) |
| Vegetable |
Any
edible part of a plant not formed from a matured ovary or from an ovary
and associated parts. |
| Vegetable matter (in
wool) |
Seed
and small pieces of twig, foliage, chaff, or hay embedded in a fleece. |
| Vegetation |
Plants in general, or the sum total
of the plant life above and below ground in an area. |
| Vegetative
Reproduction |
Production of new plants by any
asexual method. cf. asexual
reproduction. |
| Vel |
Stomach
of calf. See bobby calf. |
| Veligers |
A
larval stage of a mollusk characterized by the presence of a velum. |
| Velvet |
Early,
vascular growth of antlers before they harden off, characterised by a
soft velvet coating which dies and is rubbed off when the antlers are
mature. |
| Venation |
Distribution
or arrangement of a system of veins, as in a leaf blade or the wing of
an insect. |
| Vendor |
A seller of goods, land, animals or
other articles. |
| Vendor
mortgage |
Where
the vendor agrees leave part
of the purchase price of land as a mortgage to the purchaser.
The method of doing this can affect the timing of payment of conveyancing costs.
Firstly, the property could remain registered in the vendor's name
until all of the money has been paid (usually 5 - 10 years). If this is
the case, the
purchaser would register a caveat
against the title to prevent it being sold to any other person, and,
most importantly, would not have to pay the stamp duty on the
transfer of titles until all monies had been paid to the vendor. This
system delays the
payment of a considerable amount of the conveyancing charges and can
help the purchaser's cash flow. Alternatively, the title can
be transferred when the new owner takes over the property.
The vendor would register a first mortgage against the title and the
purchaser would have to pay the full conveyancing charges, including
stamp duty, at the same time as he buys the property. |
| Venturi |
1.
General: A short tube with a constricted throat used to determine fluid
pressures and velocities by measurement of differential pressures
generated at the throat as a fluid traverses the tube.
2. Engines: A constricted throat in the air passage of a carburettor,
causing a reduction in pressure that results in fuel vapour being drawn
out of the carburettor bowl.
3. Milking
machine: A device for feeding chemical solutions into the discharge
line of the reverse flow pump |
| Vernalisation |
The process in which floral
induction in some plants is promoted by exposing the plants to low
temperatures for a certain length of time. |
| Vertisols |
Mineral soils that have 30 percent
or more clay, deep wide
cracks when dry, commonly have a gilgai micro relief c.f. gilgai. |
| Vigour |
Relates to the relative robustness
of a plant in comparison to other individuals of the same species. It
is reflected primarily by the size of a plant and its parts in relation
to its age and the environment in which it is growing. Syn. plant
vigour. cf. hybrid
vigour. |
| Vine |
A weak-stemmed plant that derives
its support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface. |
| Virgin
wool |
New and unused wool |
| Virus |
An infectious, sub-microscopic
particle. Causes plant and animal disease. |
| Viscosity |
The 'thickness' of a liquid, which
can be termed its 'resistance to flow'. |
| Visual Assessment/
Appraisa |
Judging the merit of animals for
various traits, using visual appraisal or other subjective means. |
| Vitamin |
Any of various fat-soluble or
water-soluble organic substances essential in minute amounts for normal
growth and activity of the body and obtained naturally from plant and
animal foods. |
| Vlei |
Southern African term for a shallow body of typically
seasonal fresh water. Vlei soils are generally poorly drained. |
| Volatile |
Giving
off fumes readily, e.g. petrol, perfume, etc. |
| Volatilisation |
Heat-induced losses from organic
material, especially common with nitrogen compounds. |
| Volt |
Unit of
electrical pressure which causes current to flow.
Voltage = current x resistance. |
| Volumetric soil water content |
The amount of water
in the soil defined in volumetric terms.
That is, the mass of water per unit of volume of
soil (w/v). This is
easily measured and should not be
confused with the often inappropriate units of volume of water per unit
volume
of soil (v/v). This
alternative unit for
volumetric water content, based on the volume of water rather than its
mass, is
a valid measurement, but it can be inappropriate for studies that
require mass
balance where wide temperature changes alters its volume but not mass. |
| Volunteer
Crop |
Is self-sown and comes up in the
year or so following its original seeding. |
| Volunteer
Pastures |
Pastures which have not been sown.
Many of the most common pasture plants in South Australia have never
been sown, and others, which originally volunteered, have since been
made commercial. |
